įull size image 1.1 Scope and contributions Some studies also address optimization strategies to look for shortest trajectory for UAV flight to reach the target destination. Several promising solutions are presented in the literature to mitigate these challenges, including high-quality devices such as manufacturing materials and motors, UAV geometry, wings and batteries. Limited mission time is due to low battery endurance, harsh atmospheric conditions and sensor accuracy challenges. Harsh weather conditions and environments also impose limitations of UAV performance. Some of them have limited flight time, limited autonomy, less mobility and limited battery endurance. However, there are multiple critical limits on the design, deployment and performance of UAVs. Furthermore, they reduce the labor and time required to survey, inspect and sample on ground, provide collision avoidance and quick convergence to reach targets, and offer more time for intended managerial operations. These flying objects are helpful in monitoring as they bridge the constraints in limited-access, dynamic, harsh and complex environments. UAVs have the capability to access remote or dangerous areas, facilitate environmental monitoring and capture high-resolution imagery. Furthermore, they are being used in mobile edge computing, cellular communication, package delivery, smart healthcare, intelligent transportation systems, video surveillance missions, precision agriculture, power-line inspection, remote sensing, search and rescue, and performing relief operations in disaster environments. In the military, UAVs offer navigation, secure communication and reconnaissance. Docking stations can solve the battery endurance issue and put UAVs one step ahead in autonomous systems.Īt present, UAVs are being used in multiple military, industrial and commercial applications, as shown in Fig. Another promising solution is a docking station, which can recharge or swap batteries, store and even perform communication tasks with UAVs. This issue can be mitigated through the design of different types of batteries using hybrid systems or internal combustion engines. The main critical limitation among UAVs is flight endurance, which is limited due to the limited power supply provided by batteries. There are several limitations to the practical implementation of UAVs in different application scenarios. ![]() ![]() Other types of UAVs are also reported, but their numbers are comparably low. Most of the studies report multirotors due to their simplicity in control mechanisms and high-precision in positioning. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, are being widely used and have gained significant attention in the last decade. We believe these insights will serve as guidelines and motivations for relevant researchers. Finally, future research directions are identified to further hone the research work. ![]() Moreover, application scenarios, potential challenges and security issues are also examined. This study provides a comprehensive review of UAVs, types, swarms, classifications, charging methods and regulations. As a result, the primary goal of this research is to provide insights into the potentials of UAVs, as well as their characteristics and functionality issues. Despite these appealing benefits, UAVs face limitations in operability due to several critical concerns in terms of flight autonomy, path planning, battery endurance, flight time and limited payload carrying capability, as intuitively it is not recommended to load heavy objects such as batteries. UAVs support implicit particularities including access to disaster-stricken zones, swift mobility, airborne missions and payload features. It is due to technological trends and rapid advancements in control, miniaturization, and computerization, which culminate in secure, lightweight, robust, more-accessible and cost-efficient UAVs. The drone industry has seen a sharp uptake in the last decade as a model to manufacture and deliver convergence, offering synergy by incorporating multiple technologies. They appear in great diversity in a multiplicity of applications for economic, commercial, leisure, military and academic purposes. Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones have emerged as a ubiquitous and integral part of our society.
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